The marketplace for pre-owned accessibility tools, similar to stairlifts, connects people searching for inexpensive options with these trying to resell beforehand owned units. This change usually includes numerous events, together with specialised sellers, nationwide or regional mobility tools firms, on-line marketplaces, and infrequently, non-public people. For instance, an area medical tools retailer may buy used stairlifts to refurbish and resell, whereas an internet platform may facilitate direct transactions between sellers and consumers.
Finding a good purchaser provides a number of benefits. Sellers can recoup a portion of their preliminary funding, whereas consumers achieve entry to probably vital price financial savings in comparison with new tools. Moreover, this reuse of kit contributes to sustainability by decreasing waste. The event of this resale market displays an rising consciousness of each the wants of people with mobility challenges and the financial advantages of extending the lifespan of sturdy medical items.
Understanding the dynamics of this market includes exploring the various kinds of consumers, the elements influencing pricing, and the steps concerned in safely and effectively promoting or buying pre-owned accessibility tools. This data empowers each consumers and sellers to make knowledgeable choices and navigate the method with confidence.
1. Native Mobility Tools Sellers
Native mobility tools sellers signify a key part inside the marketplace for pre-owned stairlifts. These companies usually buy used models instantly from people or by different channels. This acquisition course of supplies a number of benefits for each the supplier and the vendor. Sellers achieve stock for resale, usually refurbishing and servicing the stairlifts earlier than providing them to new clients at a lowered value in comparison with new fashions. Sellers profit from a handy and sometimes swift methodology of disposal, receiving fast fee and avoiding the complexities of promoting and managing particular person gross sales transactions. For instance, an area supplier specializing in house medical tools may buy a used Acorn stairlift, carry out obligatory upkeep and repairs, after which provide it to a buyer who requires a stairlift however has budgetary constraints.
The function of native mobility tools sellers extends past easy transactions. These companies usually possess specialised information concerning stairlift fashions, set up necessities, and upkeep procedures. This experience permits them to precisely assess the worth of used tools and be sure that resold models meet security requirements. Moreover, they’ll present precious steerage to potential consumers, matching their wants and budgets with acceptable pre-owned fashions. This localized service can show particularly useful for patrons unfamiliar with the complexities of stairlift expertise and set up. Take into account, as an illustration, a senior particular person needing a stairlift however unsure in regards to the acceptable mannequin or set up course of. A neighborhood supplier can present customized help and steerage, facilitating a clean and knowledgeable buying expertise.
In abstract, native mobility tools sellers perform as important intermediaries within the used stairlift market. Their involvement simplifies the promoting course of for people whereas offering inexpensive, dependable accessibility options to these in want. This localized strategy streamlines transactions and fosters belief throughout the group, guaranteeing accountable dealing with and resale of pre-owned mobility tools. Nonetheless, the supply and particular practices of native sellers can differ, requiring potential consumers and sellers to analysis and determine respected companies inside their area. This analysis could contain contacting sellers instantly, checking on-line evaluations, and evaluating provided providers and pricing.
2. Nationwide mobility tools retailers
Nationwide mobility tools retailers usually play a big function within the secondary marketplace for stairlifts, providing an alternate avenue for people searching for to promote their used tools. Understanding their involvement supplies precious context for these exploring choices for promoting or buying pre-owned accessibility options.
-
Acquisition and Refurbishment Packages
Many nationwide retailers function trade-in applications or instantly buy used stairlifts, usually specializing in particular manufacturers like Acorn. Acquired models sometimes bear inspection, refurbishment, and security testing earlier than being resold by their nationwide community. This course of provides sellers a handy disposal methodology whereas increasing the retailer’s stock of inexpensive, pre-owned choices. As an example, a nationwide retailer may provide a reduced value on a brand new stairlift in change for a buyer’s used mannequin. This advantages each events, offering the client with a cheap improve and the retailer with a used unit for resale.
-
Wider Market Attain
Nationwide retailers possess a broader geographical attain than native sellers, connecting consumers and sellers throughout bigger distances. This expanded community might be advantageous for sellers in areas with restricted native consumers or these searching for a wider viewers for specialised fashions. A vendor in a rural space, for instance, may discover it simpler to promote a particular mannequin of Acorn stairlift by a nationwide retailer with a wider buyer base than by native channels.
-
Standardized Procedures and Warranties
Nationwide retailers sometimes implement standardized procedures for evaluating, refurbishing, and reselling used tools, providing higher consistency in high quality and repair. Some can also provide warranties on pre-owned stairlifts, offering consumers with added assurance. This standardization contributes to a extra dependable and clear transaction course of, constructing belief between the retailer and each consumers and sellers. For instance, a nationwide retailer may provide a restricted guarantee on a refurbished Acorn stairlift, offering consumers with a level of safety towards potential defects.
-
On-line Platforms and Accessibility
Many nationwide retailers preserve on-line platforms that showcase their stock of recent and used tools, facilitating broader entry for potential consumers. This on-line presence enhances visibility and permits clients to discover accessible choices from the comfort of their houses. On-line platforms usually embody detailed product descriptions, pictures, and pricing data, empowering consumers to make knowledgeable choices. A buyer looking for a particular mannequin of a used Acorn stairlift can simply examine costs and availability throughout completely different retailers by on-line platforms.
In conclusion, nationwide mobility tools retailers present a precious service throughout the used stairlift market, providing a handy and dependable possibility for each consumers and sellers. Their established processes, wider market attain, and on-line presence contribute considerably to the accessibility and affordability of pre-owned stairlifts, increasing choices for people searching for mobility options. Nonetheless, people contemplating this route ought to analysis particular retailer insurance policies, pricing constructions, and guarantee choices to make sure a clean and knowledgeable transaction.
3. On-line Marketplaces (e.g., eBay, Craigslist)
On-line marketplaces signify a big channel connecting consumers and sellers of used stairlifts, together with fashionable manufacturers like Acorn. These platforms provide distinct benefits and issues for these searching for pre-owned accessibility tools.
-
Direct Purchaser-Vendor Interplay
Platforms like eBay and Craigslist facilitate direct communication between consumers and sellers, usually eliminating middleman charges. This direct interplay permits for negotiation and customized preparations concerning pricing, delivery, and native pickup. For instance, a vendor can checklist a used Acorn stairlift with detailed descriptions and pictures, instantly addressing potential purchaser inquiries in regards to the unit’s situation and options. This direct engagement can result in mutually useful agreements tailor-made to particular person circumstances.
-
Broad Geographic Attain
On-line marketplaces prolong the potential market past native boundaries, connecting sellers with consumers throughout wider geographical areas. This expanded attain might be advantageous for sellers in areas with restricted native demand or for these searching for a particular mannequin not available close by. A vendor with a specialised Acorn mannequin may discover a purchaser throughout the nation by an internet platform, increasing their potential market considerably.
-
Diversified Pricing and Situation
On-line marketplaces usually current a variety of pricing choices reflecting various tools circumstances, providing consumers flexibility in balancing funds and desired options. Nonetheless, this variability requires cautious analysis and due diligence on the customer’s half to make sure correct representations of the stairlift’s situation. A purchaser may discover a lower-priced Acorn stairlift however must fastidiously assess the supplied descriptions, pictures, and vendor suggestions to find out its suitability.
-
Logistical Issues
Delivery and set up signify essential logistical elements in on-line transactions. Consumers and sellers should coordinate delivery preparations, together with prices, insurance coverage, and acceptable packaging to forestall harm throughout transit. Set up usually requires skilled help, and consumers ought to issue these prices into their funds. For instance, a purchaser buying an Acorn stairlift from an out-of-state vendor wants to rearrange for acceptable delivery {and professional} set up upon arrival, including to the general expense.
In abstract, on-line marketplaces present a precious useful resource for getting and promoting used Acorn stairlifts. Whereas providing vital benefits when it comes to attain and direct negotiation, these platforms additionally require cautious consideration of pricing, situation, and logistical challenges. Potential consumers and sellers ought to totally analysis listings, talk transparently, and think about all related prices to make sure a profitable transaction.
4. Categorized Commercial Web sites
Categorized commercial web sites provide a localized strategy to connecting consumers and sellers of used items, together with specialised objects like stairlifts. These platforms present a precious useful resource for people searching for pre-owned accessibility tools inside their group.
-
Focused Native Attain
Categorized commercial web sites usually concentrate on particular geographic areas, permitting sellers to focus on potential consumers inside their native space. This localized strategy might be advantageous for bigger objects like stairlifts, the place delivery prices might be prohibitive. A vendor in a particular metropolis can checklist their used Acorn stairlift on a classifieds web site focusing on that metropolis, rising the probability of attracting native consumers who can simply examine and decide up the tools.
-
Direct Vendor-Purchaser Connection
Much like broader on-line marketplaces, categorized commercial web sites facilitate direct communication between sellers and potential consumers. This direct interplay permits negotiation and customized preparations regarding value, pickup location, and fee strategies. A possible purchaser can instantly contact the vendor to inquire in regards to the stairlift’s historical past, situation, and set up particulars, fostering transparency and constructing belief.
-
Value-Efficient Promoting
Categorized commercial web sites usually provide free or low-cost itemizing choices, making them a cost-effective selection for people promoting used items. This affordability might be significantly engaging for these searching for to recoup a few of their preliminary funding in a stairlift with out incurring vital promoting bills. A vendor can create an in depth itemizing with pictures and descriptions of their used Acorn stairlift with out the monetary burden of conventional promoting strategies.
-
Diversified Tools Availability
Whereas specialised sellers focus totally on refurbished fashions, classifieds could function a greater diversity of stairlifts, together with privately owned models in various circumstances and value ranges. This variety supplies consumers with extra selections, probably uncovering distinctive offers or particular fashions not accessible by conventional retail channels. A purchaser searching for a specific older mannequin of Acorn stairlift may discover it listed on a classifieds web site, even when it is not accessible by sellers.
In conclusion, categorized commercial web sites provide a sensible and localized useful resource for people searching for to purchase or promote used stairlifts. Their focused attain, direct seller-buyer connection, and cost-effectiveness make them a precious various to broader on-line marketplaces or conventional retail channels. Nonetheless, consumers ought to train due diligence when buying by classifieds, fastidiously inspecting the tools and verifying vendor data earlier than finalizing a transaction. This cautious strategy helps mitigate potential dangers related to non-public gross sales and ensures a passable buying expertise.
5. Stairlift installers/restore firms
Stairlift installers and restore firms signify a key part throughout the community of used stairlift acquisition. Their involvement extends past set up and upkeep, usually encompassing the acquisition and resale of pre-owned models. Understanding their function supplies precious insights for people exploring choices for promoting or buying a used stairlift.
-
Acquisition of Used Items for Refurbishment
Stairlift installers regularly purchase used models, both instantly from people or by trade-in applications. These acquired stairlifts usually bear refurbishment, together with half substitute, cleansing, and security testing, earlier than being resold to new clients. This follow supplies a cheap resolution for people searching for a pre-owned stairlift whereas permitting installers to leverage their technical experience to make sure the tools’s performance and security. For instance, an installer may purchase a used Acorn stairlift with a worn motor, substitute the motor, after which resell the refurbished unit with a guaranty.
-
Half Harvesting from Non-Practical Items
Installers and restore firms additionally purchase non-functional or outdated stairlifts for components. This follow extends the lifespan of present tools by offering a supply for substitute elements. Particular components, similar to motors, gears, or management boards, might be salvaged from older fashions and used to restore newer models, decreasing waste and providing a extra sustainable strategy to tools upkeep. A non-functional Acorn stairlift may nonetheless have a wonderfully usable motor that may be salvaged and used to restore one other unit, avoiding the necessity to manufacture a brand new motor.
-
Commerce-In Packages and Incentives
Some installers provide trade-in applications, permitting clients to change their older stairlifts for newer fashions at a lowered value. This incentivizes upgrades whereas offering the installer with a supply of used tools for refurbishment or components. A buyer with an older Acorn stairlift is perhaps incentivized to improve to a more recent mannequin with superior options if provided a trade-in low cost.
-
Experience in Valuation and Evaluation
Installers possess specialised information concerning stairlift fashions, performance, and customary points. This experience permits them to precisely assess the situation and worth of used tools, guaranteeing honest pricing for each consumers and sellers. Their technical understanding permits them to determine potential issues that may not be obvious to an untrained particular person, guaranteeing that resold models meet security and efficiency requirements. An installer can precisely assess the worth of a used Acorn stairlift primarily based on its mannequin, age, situation, and performance, offering a good value to the vendor and guaranteeing the customer receives a purposeful and protected product.
In abstract, stairlift installers and restore firms play a multifaceted function within the used stairlift market. Their involvement supplies avenues for buying, refurbishing, and reselling pre-owned models, contributing to affordability and sustainability throughout the accessibility tools sector. Their experience in valuation and restore ensures the continued performance and security of those important mobility units, providing precious sources for people searching for each buying and promoting choices inside their native communities. Subsequently, contacting native installers represents a key technique for these searching for to navigate the marketplace for used stairlifts.
6. Medical Tools Resellers
Medical tools resellers represent a big a part of the secondary marketplace for assistive units, together with stairlifts. These companies focus on buying, refurbishing, and reselling pre-owned medical tools, providing a precious service to each these searching for inexpensive options and people trying to divest their used units. Understanding their function is essential for people exploring the panorama of pre-owned stairlift gross sales and purchases.
-
Acquisition and Refurbishment Processes
Medical tools resellers make use of established processes for buying used stairlifts, usually buying instantly from people, healthcare services, or property gross sales. Acquired models sometimes bear thorough inspection, cleansing, and any obligatory repairs or refurbishment earlier than being provided for resale. This course of ensures that resold tools meets security and performance requirements, offering consumers with dependable and inexpensive choices. As an example, a reseller may purchase a used Acorn stairlift, substitute worn upholstery, and recalibrate the motor earlier than itemizing it on the market.
-
Various Stock and Specialised Data
Resellers usually preserve numerous inventories of varied medical tools sorts, together with completely different stairlift manufacturers, fashions, and configurations. This selection advantages consumers searching for particular options or these with specific budgetary constraints. Moreover, many resellers possess specialised information of various stairlift fashions and their respective functionalities, permitting them to supply knowledgeable steerage to potential consumers. A reseller conversant in numerous Acorn stairlift fashions can advise clients on the suitability of various fashions for his or her particular wants and dwelling environments.
-
Pricing and Guarantee Issues
Resellers sometimes provide pre-owned stairlifts at costs considerably decrease than comparable new fashions, making them a horny possibility for budget-conscious people. Whereas pricing varies primarily based on elements similar to mannequin, age, situation, and included options, the associated fee financial savings might be substantial. Some resellers additionally provide warranties on refurbished tools, offering consumers with extra peace of thoughts and safety towards potential defects. A reseller may provide a restricted guarantee on a refurbished Acorn stairlift, protecting particular components and labor for an outlined interval.
-
Native and On-line Presence
Medical tools resellers function by numerous channels, together with bodily storefronts and on-line platforms. Native resellers provide the benefit of in-person inspection and session, permitting potential consumers to evaluate the tools firsthand. On-line platforms develop the reseller’s attain, connecting them with a broader buyer base and facilitating gross sales throughout wider geographical areas. A reseller may checklist their stock of used Acorn stairlifts on their web site, offering detailed descriptions, pictures, and pricing data to potential consumers nationwide.
In conclusion, medical tools resellers signify a vital hyperlink throughout the pre-owned stairlift market. Their acquisition and refurbishment processes, mixed with numerous inventories and specialised information, contribute considerably to the accessibility and affordability of those important mobility units. For people searching for to buy or promote a used stairlift, partaking with respected medical tools resellers provides a sensible and probably advantageous pathway. Nonetheless, cautious consideration of pricing, guarantee phrases, and tools situation stays important for guaranteeing a passable transaction.
7. Assisted Dwelling Services
Assisted dwelling services signify a definite section inside the marketplace for used stairlifts. The acquisition of pre-owned stairlifts provides these services a cheap technique of enhancing accessibility and resident mobility inside their premises. This follow carries a number of sensible implications, impacting each the operational effectivity of those services and the standard of life for his or her residents. For instance, an assisted dwelling facility may buy a number of used Acorn stairlifts to facilitate resident motion between flooring, decreasing reliance on employees help and selling resident independence.
A number of elements contribute to the demand for used stairlifts inside assisted dwelling services. Budgetary constraints usually necessitate the exploration of cost-saving measures with out compromising resident security and well-being. Pre-owned stairlifts provide a viable resolution, offering important accessibility options at a lowered price in comparison with new tools. Moreover, the fluctuating occupancy charges inside these services can affect tools wants. Buying used stairlifts supplies flexibility, permitting services to adapt to altering resident demographics and mobility necessities with out vital capital expenditure. Take into account, as an illustration, a facility experiencing a short lived improve in residents requiring stairlift entry. Buying used stairlifts provides a scalable and adaptable resolution to fulfill these evolving wants. Furthermore, the supply of dependable upkeep and restore providers throughout the native space additional helps the feasibility of utilizing pre-owned stairlifts. Entry to certified technicians ensures the continued protected operation of the tools, mitigating potential dangers related to older fashions.
In abstract, the acquisition of used stairlifts by assisted dwelling services displays a realistic strategy to balancing budgetary issues with the crucial of offering accessible and cozy dwelling environments for residents. This follow contributes to each the operational effectivity of those services and the general high quality of life for people requiring mobility help. Understanding this connection supplies precious context throughout the broader panorama of the used stairlift market, highlighting the varied wants and motivations of varied stakeholders. Additional exploration of this subject may contain analyzing the precise elements influencing buying choices inside assisted dwelling services, together with funds allocation, resident demographics, and tools upkeep protocols. Such evaluation may present precious insights for each suppliers of used stairlifts and the services themselves, fostering a extra environment friendly and sustainable marketplace for pre-owned accessibility tools.
8. Personal People
Personal people represent a good portion of the used stairlift market, partaking as each consumers and sellers. Understanding their motivations and the dynamics of those transactions supplies precious context for anybody navigating the pre-owned stairlift panorama. These transactions usually happen exterior of formal industrial channels, creating a definite market dynamic.
-
Motivations for Promoting
People promote used stairlifts for numerous causes, together with relocation, the passing of a beloved one, or a change in mobility wants. These circumstances create a provide of pre-owned tools, providing potential consumers extra inexpensive choices. For instance, a household relocating to a single-story house may promote their Acorn stairlift after a transfer.
-
Motivations for Shopping for
Budgetary issues usually drive non-public purchases of used stairlifts. The decrease price in comparison with new fashions makes pre-owned choices engaging to budget-conscious people searching for accessibility options. As an example, somebody requiring a stairlift briefly may go for a used mannequin to attenuate bills.
-
Strategies of Connecting Consumers and Sellers
On-line classifieds, local people boards, and word-of-mouth referrals usually facilitate connections between non-public consumers and sellers. These casual channels present a platform for direct negotiation and customized preparations. A neighbor may find out about an accessible used Acorn stairlift by a group publication or an area on-line discussion board.
-
Challenges and Issues
Personal transactions current distinctive challenges, together with verifying tools situation, arranging transportation, and securing skilled set up. Consumers should train due diligence to evaluate the stairlift’s performance and security earlier than buy. Sellers, conversely, bear the accountability of precisely representing the tools’s situation and historical past. Moreover, each events should coordinate logistics, together with pickup or supply {and professional} set up if wanted. A possible purchaser may want to rent a technician to examine a used Acorn stairlift earlier than buy and organize for its transportation and set up.
In abstract, non-public people play a vital function within the used stairlift market, making a dynamic community of consumers and sellers. Understanding the motivations, strategies, and challenges inherent in these non-public transactions contributes to a extra complete understanding of the pre-owned stairlift panorama, empowering each consumers and sellers to navigate this market successfully and responsibly. This community of personal transactions enhances the formal industrial channels, offering a broader vary of choices for these searching for accessibility options whereas providing avenues for people to recoup a few of their preliminary funding in a stairlift.
Continuously Requested Questions
This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning the sale and buy of pre-owned stairlifts.
Query 1: What elements affect the resale worth of a used stairlift?
A number of elements have an effect on resale worth, together with the stairlift’s age, mannequin, situation, performance, and any included options (e.g., swivel seat, distant management). Model popularity, similar to Acorn’s established presence available in the market, may also affect pricing.
Query 2: How can one decide a good promoting value for a used stairlift?
Researching comparable fashions on-line, consulting with native mobility tools sellers, or acquiring value determinations from certified technicians can help in establishing a sensible promoting value.
Query 3: Are there security issues when buying a pre-owned stairlift?
Thorough inspection by a professional technician is really helpful earlier than buying any used stairlift. This inspection ought to confirm performance, structural integrity, and adherence to security requirements.
Query 4: What logistical elements must be thought-about when shopping for or promoting a used stairlift?
Transportation and set up signify key logistical issues. Consumers and sellers should coordinate pickup or supply preparations, {and professional} set up is usually required to make sure correct performance and security.
Query 5: The place can one discover respected consumers for a used stairlift?
Potential consumers embody native and nationwide mobility tools sellers, on-line marketplaces, categorized commercial web sites, stairlift installers, and medical tools resellers. Assisted dwelling services and personal people additionally signify potential consumers.
Query 6: What documentation ought to accompany the sale of a used stairlift?
Offering any accessible documentation, similar to unique buy receipts, consumer manuals, and upkeep data, can improve the transaction’s transparency and construct purchaser confidence. Proof of prior servicing by licensed technicians might be significantly useful.
Cautious consideration of those regularly requested questions facilitates knowledgeable decision-making all through the method of shopping for or promoting a pre-owned stairlift, mitigating potential challenges and guaranteeing a clean transaction.
For additional data concerning particular stairlift fashions or native rules, consulting with certified professionals within the accessibility tools business is really helpful.
Ideas for Navigating the Used Stairlift Market
Efficiently navigating the used stairlift market requires cautious planning and execution. The next ideas present precious steerage for each potential consumers and sellers.
Tip 1: Analysis Totally
Complete analysis is essential earlier than shopping for or promoting. Understanding the varied fashions, options, and pricing traits throughout the used stairlift market empowers knowledgeable decision-making. Consulting on-line sources, contacting native sellers, and evaluating pricing throughout completely different platforms contributes to a extra knowledgeable strategy.
Tip 2: Assess Situation and Performance
Thorough evaluation of a used stairlift’s situation is important. If doable, a bodily inspection must be carried out to confirm performance, determine any potential defects, and assess total put on and tear. For on-line purchases, requesting detailed pictures and movies can present precious insights.
Tip 3: Confirm Compatibility and Set up Necessities
Making certain compatibility between the stairlift and the precise staircase is paramount. Measurements and specs must be fastidiously reviewed to substantiate correct match and keep away from set up challenges. Consulting with a professional installer earlier than buy is very really helpful.
Tip 4: Safe Skilled Set up
Skilled set up is essential for security and correct performance. Participating certified technicians ensures right set up, minimizes potential dangers, and validates any relevant warranties. Making an attempt self-installation is strongly discouraged as a result of potential security hazards.
Tip 5: Negotiate Worth and Phrases
Negotiation performs a big function in non-public transactions. Researching comparable fashions and their market worth supplies a basis for knowledgeable value negotiation. Clearly defining fee phrases, supply preparations, and any included warranties ensures a clean transaction.
Tip 6: Doc the Transaction
Sustaining thorough documentation all through the transaction protects each consumers and sellers. This documentation ought to embody pictures, receipts, correspondence, and any agreements concerning warranties or service agreements. An in depth file minimizes potential disputes and facilitates future reference.
Tip 7: Take into account Upkeep and Servicing
Factoring in ongoing upkeep and servicing prices is important. Common upkeep ensures continued performance and security. Establishing a relationship with a good native service supplier is very really helpful.
By adhering to those ideas, people can navigate the used stairlift market successfully and confidently, maximizing the advantages of this cost-effective strategy to accessibility options.
These sensible steps empower knowledgeable choices and contribute to profitable outcomes for each consumers and sellers, fostering a clear and environment friendly market for pre-owned accessibility tools.
Conclusion
Understanding the panorama of potential purchasers for used stairlifts supplies precious insights for each sellers and consumers. This exploration has highlighted key gamers, together with native and nationwide mobility tools sellers, on-line marketplaces, categorized commercial web sites, stairlift installers and restore firms, medical tools resellers, assisted dwelling services, and personal people. Every entity operates inside this market with distinct motivations and operational approaches, creating a various community of acquisition pathways. Elements influencing resale worth, similar to tools age, situation, and model popularity, have been examined, alongside essential logistical and security issues.
The marketplace for pre-owned stairlifts represents a dynamic intersection of particular person wants and financial issues. Cautious navigation of this market, knowledgeable by analysis and a transparent understanding of the varied stakeholders concerned, empowers each consumers and sellers to make knowledgeable choices. This considerate strategy fosters a extra environment friendly and equitable change of important accessibility tools, finally contributing to enhanced mobility and independence for people requiring these important assistive units.
