9+ Top Who's Yer Con Artists: Who are They?


9+ Top Who's Yer Con Artists: Who are They?

This colloquial phrase, popularized inside sure subcultures, acts as a problem or inquiry concerning one’s chosen space of experience, typically inside a playful or aggressive context. It may be understood as asking “What’s your space of experience?” or “What trickery are you expert in?” Think about a bunch of road performers, every vying for consideration. This phrase could possibly be used between them, virtually like a pleasant duel of abilities. It establishes a hierarchy of information and skill throughout the group dynamic.

The importance of this problem lies in its perform as a social identifier and rating mechanism. It fosters a way of neighborhood and encourages the show and acknowledgment of distinctive skills. Traditionally, related verbal exchanges have existed inside specialised teams from tradesmen showcasing their craft to magicians revealing illusions. This phrase serves an identical objective, albeit inside a extra casual and modern setting. Its advantages prolong past mere identification; it facilitates studying, collaboration, and the sharing of specialised data.

Understanding the nuances of this casual question illuminates the dynamics of social interplay inside particular teams. Exploring its use in numerous contexts, from playful banter to severe competitors, offers priceless perception into how abilities and data are valued and exchanged. Moreover, analyzing its historic parallels reveals a wealthy custom of specialised communication and the continued evolution of language.

1. Ability Identification

Ability identification types the core objective of the casual question “who’s yer con.” This query, posed inside particular social teams, serves as a speedy technique of ascertaining a person’s space of experience, typically associated to a specialised ability, a selected craft, or a singular type of data. This identification course of acts as a catalyst for a number of subsequent social interactions. It permits people to rapidly find others with shared pursuits or complementary skills, fostering collaboration and data trade. For instance, inside a neighborhood of artisans, this query may reveal a grasp woodcarver, a talented metalworker, and an professional leather-based craftsman, permitting them to attach and doubtlessly collaborate on complicated tasks. Equally, inside a bunch of laptop programmers, this query may rapidly determine specialists in numerous coding languages, facilitating the formation of efficient groups.

The significance of ability identification as a part of this social inquiry extends past mere connection. It establishes a framework for understanding particular person contributions throughout the group dynamic. It clarifies roles and duties, enabling environment friendly process allocation and problem-solving. Moreover, it fosters a way of wholesome competitors and encourages people to hone their abilities. The power to succinctly talk one’s space of experience by a easy query contributes to a extra environment friendly and productive neighborhood. This dynamic could be noticed in numerous skilled settings, from movie manufacturing crews to analysis groups, the place a transparent understanding of particular person specializations is crucial for achievement. Even inside much less formal teams, like on-line gaming communities, the short identification of abilities permits for strategic group formation and improved gameplay.

In conclusion, ability identification serves as the inspiration upon which the social perform of “who’s yer con” rests. It facilitates connection, collaboration, and competitors inside specialised teams. Understanding this elementary precept offers perception into the dynamics of those communities and highlights the significance of clear communication concerning particular person experience in numerous social {and professional} contexts. Challenges could come up when abilities are misrepresented or underestimated, emphasizing the necessity for honesty and correct self-assessment inside these exchanges. This in the end strengthens the general effectiveness of the group and promotes particular person development and growth.

2. Social Rating

Inside specialised teams, social hierarchies typically emerge primarily based on ability and experience. The casual question “who’s yer con” performs a major function in establishing and navigating these rankings. It acts as a mechanism for people to sign their skills and assess the capabilities of others, making a dynamic the place status and standing are continually negotiated. This rating system, whereas typically unstated, influences collaboration, competitors, and entry to sources throughout the group.

  • Establishing Hierarchy

    The trade of data concerning one’s space of experience inherently creates a hierarchy. These with rarer or extra extremely valued abilities typically occupy larger positions throughout the social construction. For instance, inside a bunch of musicians, a extremely expert improvisational soloist may maintain the next rank than somebody proficient solely in studying sheet music. This rating influences who leads, who mentors, and who seeks steerage throughout the group.

  • Negotiating Standing

    The “who’s yer con” question is not a static declaration of rank; it is a part of an ongoing negotiation. People may problem one another’s claims, reveal their skills, or search to enhance their standing throughout the group. This may manifest as pleasant competitors, mentorship relationships, or much more overt shows of ability. For example, in a neighborhood of software program builders, people may contribute to open-source tasks to showcase their coding skills and improve their status.

  • Influencing Collaboration

    Social rating, as decided by perceived experience, impacts collaboration patterns. People usually tend to search partnerships with these possessing complementary abilities and an identical or larger standing. This ensures mission success and mutual profit. For instance, a graphic designer may collaborate with an internet developer to create a web site, with every particular person’s experience contributing to the general mission.

  • Entry to Sources

    Larger-ranked people typically achieve preferential entry to restricted sources, whether or not these are bodily instruments, info, or alternatives. This may create competitors and inspire people to enhance their abilities and climb the social ladder. Inside a crafting neighborhood, as an illustration, a extremely expert artisan might need precedence entry to a shared workshop or specialised gear.

Understanding the connection between social rating and “who’s yer con” illuminates the complicated dynamics inside specialised teams. This seemingly easy query serves as a instrument for navigating social hierarchies, influencing collaborations, and figuring out entry to sources. It displays the inherent human tendency to prepare socially primarily based on perceived competence and reinforces the significance of ability growth inside these communities.

3. Playful Problem

The phrase “who’s yer con” often carries a playful, aggressive undertone. This playful problem serves a number of vital capabilities throughout the social dynamics of specialised teams. It fosters a way of camaraderie, encourages people to showcase their skills, and offers a platform for lighthearted rivalry. This dynamic interplay contributes to a vibrant and fascinating neighborhood ambiance.

This problem dynamic can manifest in numerous types. Take into account a bunch of magicians. The query “who’s yer con” may result in an impromptu efficiency the place every particular person showcases their greatest illusions, vying for the admiration of their friends. In a coding neighborhood, it would spark a pleasant coding competitors, pushing individuals to reveal their creativity and technical prowess. These playful exchanges strengthen bonds throughout the group whereas concurrently selling particular person development and ability growth.

The absence of this playful problem ingredient can result in stagnation. With out alternatives for pleasant competitors and demonstration of abilities, people could turn into complacent. The “who’s yer con” dynamic, when employed successfully, creates a stimulating surroundings the place people are motivated to refine their experience and contribute to the collective data pool. This understanding highlights the significance of sustaining a stability between severe collaboration and lighthearted competitors in fostering thriving, dynamic communities. Recognizing the nuances of those interactions offers priceless perception into the social cloth of specialised teams and the mechanisms that drive innovation and collaboration.

4. Group Constructing

The seemingly easy question “who’s yer con” performs a major function in fostering neighborhood inside specialised teams. By prompting people to determine their space of experience, it facilitates connections primarily based on shared pursuits and abilities. This act of self-identification creates a basis for collaboration, mentorship, and shared studying, strengthening the bonds throughout the group. A way of belonging emerges as people acknowledge their place and contribution throughout the bigger neighborhood. This dynamic could be noticed in numerous contexts, from on-line boards for programmers to native gatherings of artists. The trade of information and abilities fosters a collaborative surroundings the place people study from each other and contribute to the collective experience of the group. This reciprocal trade of information strengthens the neighborhood and promotes particular person development.

The significance of neighborhood constructing as a part of “who’s yer con” shouldn’t be underestimated. Robust communities present help, encouragement, and sources for his or her members. This supportive surroundings fosters innovation and creativity, as people really feel empowered to experiment and take dangers. Moreover, sturdy communities are extra resilient to exterior challenges and higher outfitted to adapt to altering circumstances. For instance, a close-knit neighborhood of musicians can share alternatives, provide suggestions, and supply emotional help throughout difficult occasions. This sense of neighborhood contributes considerably to the general well-being and success of its members.

In conclusion, “who’s yer con” serves as a catalyst for neighborhood constructing by facilitating connections, selling collaboration, and fostering a way of belonging. This understanding highlights the social significance of this seemingly easy question. Recognizing its function in fostering neighborhood can result in extra intentional efforts to create supportive and collaborative environments inside specialised teams. Challenges could come up when competitors overshadows collaboration or when exclusivity hinders inclusivity, underscoring the necessity for conscious neighborhood administration and the significance of fostering an ethos of shared studying and mutual help.

5. Data Sharing

Data sharing types an integral part of the social dynamic facilitated by “who’s yer con.” This inquiry, by revealing particular person experience, creates alternatives for the trade of specialised info, abilities, and strategies. This trade advantages each the person and the collective. People achieve entry to a broader data base, increasing their skillset and understanding. The group advantages from the mixed experience of its members, fostering innovation and problem-solving. This reciprocal trade is crucial for development and adaptation inside specialised communities. For instance, inside a neighborhood of craftspeople, a woodworker may share their data of joinery strategies with a metalworker, gaining insights into metallic ending in return. This cross-pollination of abilities strengthens the whole group.

The efficacy of information sharing hinges on a tradition of openness and reciprocity. When people really feel snug sharing their experience with out concern of exploitation or competitors, data flows freely, benefiting all members. This collaborative surroundings fosters belief and mutual respect, additional strengthening the neighborhood bonds. Nevertheless, challenges can come up when people hoard data or prioritize private achieve over collective development. Such habits can stifle innovation and create a local weather of mistrust, hindering the general progress of the group. Subsequently, fostering a tradition that values and rewards data sharing is essential for the long-term well being and prosperity of specialised communities. This may be achieved by mentorship packages, collaborative tasks, and open boards for dialogue and data trade.

In conclusion, “who’s yer con” serves as a place to begin for data sharing, laying the inspiration for a collaborative and progressive surroundings. The sensible significance of this understanding lies in its skill to tell methods for neighborhood constructing and data administration inside specialised teams. By recognizing the significance of information sharing and actively fostering a tradition that helps it, these communities can maximize their collective potential and obtain larger success. Addressing challenges associated to data hoarding and fostering a spirit of open collaboration stays essential for the continued development and evolution of those specialised fields.

6. Specialised Language

“Who’s yer con,” seemingly easy, reveals a deeper connection to specialised language inside explicit teams. This phrase capabilities as a linguistic key, unlocking entry to a neighborhood’s shared data and understanding. Analyzing its linguistic elements reveals how particular terminology reinforces group identification, facilitates environment friendly communication, and contributes to the general cohesion of the neighborhood.

  • Jargon and Group Id

    Using particular jargon, like “con” on this context, instantly identifies people as members of a selected group. This shared vocabulary reinforces a way of belonging and distinguishes insiders from outsiders. For instance, hackers utilizing phrases like “exploit” or “payload” rapidly set up shared understanding inside their neighborhood, differentiating their conversations from basic expertise discussions.

  • Environment friendly Communication

    Specialised language permits for concise and environment friendly communication throughout the group. Advanced ideas could be conveyed with fewer phrases, streamlining discussions and facilitating collaboration. Think about a bunch of engineers discussing “stress tolerances” or “load-bearing capacities.” These specialised phrases convey particular meanings rapidly, avoiding prolonged explanations.

  • Evolving Terminology

    Language inside specialised teams is dynamic. New phrases emerge and evolve alongside developments within the discipline. “Who’s yer con,” itself a comparatively latest phrase, displays this linguistic evolution. Monitoring these adjustments gives insights into the event of the sector and the altering dynamics throughout the neighborhood. The adoption of recent terminology can sign innovation and the emergence of recent sub-specializations throughout the group.

  • Contextual Understanding

    Understanding the that means of “who’s yer con” requires understanding the context by which it is used. The identical phrase can carry totally different connotations relying on the precise group and scenario. Amongst road performers, it would suggest a playful problem, whereas amongst safety professionals, it may symbolize a extra severe inquiry into a person’s space of experience. This context-dependent that means underscores the nuanced nature of specialised language.

The linguistic parts surrounding “who’s yer con” reveal the complicated relationship between language, identification, and neighborhood. This seemingly easy phrase serves as a microcosm of how specialised language capabilities inside these teams, facilitating communication, reinforcing identification, and reflecting the continued evolution of information and apply. Additional analysis into the linguistic nuances of particular teams can provide deeper insights into their social buildings and dynamics.

7. Casual Context

The phrase “who’s yer con” thrives in casual settings. Its utilization depends closely on established familiarity and shared understanding inside a bunch. This informality fosters a way of camaraderie and encourages open communication, making it simpler for people to disclose their experience with out the strain of formal displays or evaluations. An informal surroundings, corresponding to a meet-up or on-line discussion board, offers the perfect breeding floor for this sort of interplay. Take into account a bunch of players discussing methods. “Who’s yer con” emerges naturally throughout the dialog, permitting gamers to rapidly determine one another’s specialties, corresponding to a talented sniper or a masterful strategist. This casual trade facilitates group formation and enhances gameplay. Conversely, in a proper setting like a enterprise assembly, the phrase would possible really feel misplaced and doubtlessly unprofessional. The context dictates the appropriateness and effectiveness of this explicit type of inquiry.

The informality surrounding “who’s yer con” additionally contributes to its dynamic nature. Meanings can shift and evolve primarily based on the precise group and the continued dialog. This fluidity permits the phrase to adapt to totally different conditions and keep its relevance throughout the evolving dynamics of the neighborhood. For instance, amongst road artists, the phrase may refer to 1’s most popular inventive medium or approach. Inside a bunch of writers, it may signify one’s chosen style or writing type. This adaptability underscores the significance of understanding the precise context by which the phrase is used. Misinterpretations can come up when the casual context shouldn’t be totally grasped, doubtlessly resulting in miscommunication or social awkwardness.

In abstract, the casual context surrounding “who’s yer con” is essential to its perform and interpretation. This informality fosters open communication, permits for versatile that means, and reinforces group identification. Recognizing the importance of this context is crucial for understanding the nuances of communication inside specialised teams. Challenges could come up when casual communication kinds conflict with formal settings or when the shared understanding inside a bunch breaks down. Additional analysis may discover the influence of various levels of informality on the effectiveness of “who’s yer con” and related linguistic exchanges inside totally different communities.

8. Historic Parallels

Whereas “who’s yer con” seems comparatively trendy, its underlying functionidentifying specialised abilities inside a grouppossesses deep historic roots. Inspecting these historic parallels offers priceless context for understanding the phrase’s significance and its enduring relevance in modern society. These parallels illuminate how communities have persistently sought methods to acknowledge and categorize experience all through historical past.

  • Guilds and Apprenticeship

    Medieval guilds, organizations of expert artisans, employed programs of rating and recognition primarily based on demonstrated mastery. Apprentices progressed by clearly outlined levels, culminating within the achievement of grasp craftsman standing. This hierarchical construction, whereas formalized, mirrors the casual ability identification inherent in “who’s yer con.” Simply as guild members signaled their experience by their rank, people right now use this phrase to rapidly convey their space of specialization inside a given neighborhood. This parallel highlights the enduring human must categorize and acknowledge ability ranges inside specialised teams.

  • Commerce Secrets and techniques and Specialised Data

    Traditionally, specialised data was typically intently guarded, handed down by apprenticeships or inside households. This apply resembles the dynamic of “who’s yer con” the place people reveal their experience selectively, typically inside a trusted circle. The phrase acts as a gatekeeper, initiating an trade of data solely after establishing shared understanding and belief. This historic parallel illustrates the continued pressure between open data sharing and the safety of specialised abilities inside communities.

  • Verbal Challenges and Ritualistic Shows

    Many cultures characteristic traditions of verbal challenges and ritualistic shows of ability. From poetic duels to aggressive storytelling, these practices serve an identical objective to “who’s yer con”establishing hierarchy and showcasing particular person expertise. The phrase could be seen as a contemporary iteration of those historic traditions, tailored to the casual settings of up to date communities. This connection highlights the enduring human impulse to compete and reveal mastery inside social teams.

  • Secret Societies and Coded Language

    Secret societies and specialised teams all through historical past have typically employed coded language and rituals to determine members and talk specialised data. “Who’s yer con,” whereas not explicitly secretive, capabilities equally by rapidly figuring out people with shared experience and facilitating communication inside a selected neighborhood. This parallel underscores the function of language in defining group boundaries and facilitating communication inside specialised fields.

These historic parallels reveal the enduring significance of ability identification and data sharing inside specialised communities. “Who’s yer con,” seemingly a contemporary colloquialism, displays these long-standing human practices, demonstrating the continued significance of recognizing and valuing experience inside social teams. Additional exploration of those historic connections may present a deeper understanding of the social and cultural forces that form modern communities of apply.

9. Verbal Competitors

Whos yer con typically serves as a catalyst for verbal competitors inside specialised teams. This dynamic, whereas typically playful, reveals underlying social hierarchies and aggressive instincts associated to experience and ability demonstration. Analyzing this aggressive ingredient illuminates how people place themselves inside these communities and the way data and ability are valued and contested.

  • Establishing Dominance

    Verbal sparring associated to 1’s “con” can set up dominance inside a bunch. People may subtly or overtly problem one another’s claims of experience, resulting in a verbal contest the place data and expertise are showcased. For instance, inside a bunch of safety analysts, one may query one other’s understanding of a selected vulnerability, prompting a back-and-forth trade demonstrating their respective data. This aggressive trade, whereas doubtlessly contentious, in the end clarifies the hierarchy of experience throughout the group.

  • Showcasing Ability

    “Who’s yer con” offers a platform for people to showcase their skills. Responding to this question typically includes demonstrating one’s skillset, both verbally or by sensible examples. Take into account a bunch of writers. The query may immediate people to share excerpts from their work, sparking a dialogue about totally different writing kinds and strategies. This type of verbal competitors promotes studying and encourages people to refine their craft.

  • Playful Rivalry and Camaraderie

    Whereas competitors exists, it typically takes a playful type, strengthening bonds throughout the neighborhood. Banter and witty exchanges associated to 1’s “con” contribute to a way of camaraderie and shared identification. Think about a bunch of musicians playfully difficult one another’s improvisational abilities. This lighthearted competitors reinforces their shared ardour whereas fostering a way of neighborhood.

  • Motivating Innovation

    Verbal competitors, spurred by inquiries into one’s space of experience, can act as a strong motivator for innovation. The will to outperform friends and achieve recognition can drive people to develop new abilities and refine present ones. This dynamic is especially evident in fields like expertise and design, the place fixed innovation is crucial for staying forward. The aggressive surroundings fostered by “who’s yer con” contributes to the general development of the sector.

The ingredient of verbal competitors surrounding “who’s yer con” reveals complicated social dynamics inside specialised communities. This seemingly easy query serves as a set off for frolicsome rivalry, ability demonstration, and the institution of social hierarchies. This aggressive ingredient, whereas generally refined, performs an important function in shaping the neighborhood’s identification and driving innovation throughout the discipline.

Ceaselessly Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning the phrase “who’s yer con” and its implications inside specialised communities.

Query 1: Does the usage of “who’s yer con” all the time suggest a problem?

Whereas typically used playfully, the phrase does not inherently signify a problem. It primarily serves as an inquiry into one’s space of experience. The context, tone, and subsequent interplay decide whether or not a aggressive ingredient emerges.

Query 2: Is “who’s yer con” unique to particular subcultures?

Whereas prevalent in sure subcultures, significantly these with a concentrate on specialised abilities or data, its use shouldn’t be strictly restricted. One can observe related types of inquiry in numerous skilled and social contexts the place people search to determine one another’s experience.

Query 3: Can “who’s yer con” be thought-about a type of gatekeeping?

The phrase can perform as a type of gatekeeping, albeit typically unintentionally. By requiring people to declare their experience, it may well create a barrier to entry for newcomers or these much less assured of their skills. Nevertheless, it may well additionally function a mechanism for connecting people with shared pursuits and fostering collaboration.

Query 4: How does “who’s yer con” contribute to data sharing?

By prompting people to determine their specialization, the phrase creates alternatives for data trade. This trade can result in mentorship, collaboration, and the dissemination of specialised info throughout the neighborhood. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this data sharing depends on a tradition of openness and reciprocity.

Query 5: What are the potential detrimental penalties of utilizing this phrase?

Potential detrimental penalties embrace the creation of unique social hierarchies, the fostering of unhealthy competitors, and the potential for miscommunication or misinterpretation. These detrimental outcomes could be mitigated by selling a tradition of inclusivity, emphasizing collaboration over competitors, and making certain clear communication throughout the group.

Query 6: How does the casual nature of “who’s yer con” affect its interpretation?

The casual context surrounding the phrase permits for flexibility in that means and interpretation. This fluidity could be each a energy and a weak spot. It permits the phrase to adapt to totally different conditions but in addition will increase the potential for miscommunication if the shared understanding throughout the group breaks down.

Understanding the nuances of “who’s yer con” requires cautious consideration of the context, the social dynamics throughout the group, and the person intentions behind its use. This consciousness promotes more practical communication and fosters a extra inclusive and collaborative surroundings.

Additional exploration of associated ideas, corresponding to neighborhood constructing, data sharing, and social hierarchies, can present deeper insights into the dynamics of specialised teams and the function of language in shaping these interactions.

Suggestions for Navigating “Who’s Yer Con” Situations

Efficiently navigating social interactions involving inquiries about one’s space of experience requires understanding the nuances of communication inside specialised teams. The next ideas provide steerage for successfully responding to and using these inquiries.

Tip 1: Be Genuine and Clear: Precisely representing one’s abilities and data builds belief and fosters real collaboration. Exaggerating or misrepresenting experience can harm credibility and hinder long-term relationships throughout the neighborhood. For instance, inside a software program growth group, actually admitting limitations in a selected coding language can result in priceless mentorship alternatives and keep away from potential mission setbacks.

Tip 2: Embrace Steady Studying: Specialised fields continually evolve. Sustaining a development mindset and actively looking for alternatives to broaden one’s skillset ensures continued relevance and strengthens one’s place throughout the neighborhood. Collaborating in workshops, attending conferences, and fascinating in on-line boards present avenues for steady studying.

Tip 3: Foster Reciprocity: Data sharing advantages the whole neighborhood. Brazenly sharing one’s experience and actively looking for data from others creates a collaborative surroundings and fosters mutual respect. Contributing to open-source tasks or taking part in mentorship packages exemplifies this reciprocal strategy.

Tip 4: Respect Numerous Skillsets: Recognizing the worth of numerous skillsets and views strengthens the neighborhood. Avoiding comparisons and valuing the distinctive contributions of every particular person fosters a extra inclusive and collaborative surroundings. A various group, every member possessing distinctive experience, can strategy complicated challenges from a number of angles, growing the probability of progressive options.

Tip 5: Context Issues: Understanding the precise context of the interplay is essential. The identical inquiry about one’s experience can carry totally different connotations relying on the scenario and the social dynamics throughout the group. Adapting one’s response accordingly ensures efficient communication and avoids misunderstandings. For example, a playful response to an informal inquiry amongst friends differs considerably from a response throughout a proper job interview.

Tip 6: Stability Competitors with Collaboration: Pleasant competitors can inspire innovation, however extreme rivalry can harm relationships and hinder progress. Sustaining a stability between competitors and collaboration ensures a wholesome and productive neighborhood surroundings. Participating in collaborative tasks whereas additionally taking part in pleasant competitions exemplifies this stability.

Tip 7: Pay attention Actively: Efficient communication requires lively listening. Taking note of the nuances of language and observing non-verbal cues offers priceless insights into the intentions and views of others. This understanding fosters empathy and improves communication throughout the group.

By implementing the following pointers, people can successfully navigate social interactions involving inquiries about experience, fostering stronger relationships and contributing to a extra vibrant and collaborative neighborhood. These practices promote particular person development, improve data sharing, and strengthen the general well being and productiveness of specialised teams.

In conclusion, understanding the dynamics surrounding inquiries about one’s space of experience offers priceless insights into the social cloth of specialised communities. The next conclusion synthesizes these insights and gives steerage for navigating these interactions successfully.

Conclusion

Exploration of the phrase “who’s yer con” reveals its multifaceted nature as a social inquiry inside specialised communities. Evaluation demonstrates its perform as a mechanism for ability identification, social rating, playful problem, neighborhood constructing, data sharing, and verbal competitors. Its casual context and specialised language contribute to a nuanced understanding of group dynamics and communication patterns. Examination of historic parallels reveals deep-rooted traditions of ability recognition and data trade inside specialised teams. Efficient navigation of “who’s yer con” situations necessitates authenticity, steady studying, reciprocity, and a balanced strategy to competitors and collaboration. Contextual consciousness and lively listening contribute considerably to profitable communication and relationship constructing inside these communities.

The enduring presence of inquiries into particular person experience, exemplified by “who’s yer con,” underscores the elemental human drive to categorize, acknowledge, and worth specialised data. Additional analysis into the evolution and adaptation of such inquiries inside numerous communities guarantees deeper insights into the continued interaction between language, social interplay, and the event of specialised fields. Cultivating an consciousness of those dynamics empowers people to navigate these interactions successfully, fostering stronger communities and selling the development of information and apply.